Physicochemical properties of enamel after microabrasion technique

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the enamel microhardness, surface roughness, and chemical composition after microabrasion technique, followed by polishing and different immersion times in artificial saliva. Materials and methods: Ninety enamel blocks (25mm2) from bovine incisors were divided into two groups (G1 and G2), and then subdivided in five subgroups (n = 9) according to their microabrasion treatment and polishing with a diamond paste: 35% phosphoric acid and pumice (H3PO4+Pum) and polishing; just H3PO4+Pum; 6.6% hydrochloric acid and silica (HCl+Sil) and polishing; just HCl+Sil; and control (no treatment). For G1, roughness and microhardness analyses were performed before (L1) and after (L2) microabrasion. After 15 (L3) and 30 (L4) days of immersion in artificial saliva, microhardness analysis was also performed. After (L4) analysis, the specimens were subjected to SEM analysis. G2 was used for the chemical analysis using energy dispersion testing (EDS). The data was subjected to statistical analysis (α = 5%). For roughness, L2 presented higher values than L1, except for the polished groups. For microhardness, L2 presented higher values than L1, except for unpolished groups. The L3 and L4 did not differ and were higher than L1. RESULTS: No changes were observed in the phosphorus concentrations of the microabrasioned enamel. However, the specimens treated with HCl+Sil were observed as having decreased calcium and increased chlorine and silica on the EDS test. Conclusion: Microabrasion followed by polishing and immersion in artificial saliva for 15 days is enough to increase the microhardness of microabrasioned enamel surfaces, although the microabrasion procedure can alter the mineral content of the enamel.

Clareamento dentário associado à aplicação de fosfopeptídio de caseína-fosfato de cãlcio amorfo (CPP-ACP): relato de caso / Association between dental bleaching and application of casein phosphopeptide - amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP): Clinical report

Com a valorização da Odontologia Estética, o clareamento dentário se tornou um procedimento de rotina na prática clínica. Atualmente, as variações da técnica são em relação à análise de cor (por escala visual ou espectrofotometria), às formas de aplicação (gel, líquido, pó/líquido, tiras clareadoras) e protocolos (externo ou interno), e a minimização dos seus efeitos colaterais,como a sensibilidade. Paciente de 23 anos, do sexo masculino,encontrava-se insatisfeito com a tonalidade amarelada de seus dentes, principalmente do incisivo inferior (41). Ao exame clínico, essa diferença de cor pôde ser constatada e, em exame radiográfico, pôde-se verificar alterações no espaço pericementário do elemento 41, decorrente de trauma ortodôntico. Instituiu-se o tratamento endodôntico desse dente, seguido de procedimentos clareadores externos nos demais dentes e procedimento clareador interno no elemento 41. Em seguida, foi preconizada a aplicação da pasta de caseína fosfato de cálcio amorfo, por meio de moldeiras individuais. A análise de cor foi realizada por meio da escala Vita® e do espectrofotômetro CM-700d previamente e após o clareamento, e após aplicação da pasta. A associação de técnicas clareadoras, como no presente caso, se mostrou efetiva para o restabelecimento estético do sorriso do paciente, dentro das suas expectativas.Com a valorização da Odontologia Estética, o clareamento dentário se tornou um procedimento de rotina na prática clínica. Atualmente, as variações da técnica são em relação à análise de cor (por escala visual ou espectrofotometria), às formas de aplicação (gel, líquido, pó/líquido, tiras clareadoras) e protocolos (externo ou interno), e a minimização dos seus efeitos colaterais, como a sensibilidade. Paciente de 23 anos, do sexo masculino, encontrava-se insatisfeito com a tonalidade amareladas, como no presente caso, se mostrou efetiva para o restabelecimento estético do sorriso do paciente, dentro das suas expectativas

With the appreciation of the esthetic treatment, the dental bleaching became a daily procedure in clinical practice. Currently, the technique variations are in relation to the color analysis (by visual shade or spectrophotometry),to the application forms (gel, liquid, liquid/powder) and protocols (vital or non-vital bleaching), and to minimizing their collateral effects, as the sensibility. A 23-years-old patient, male, presented himself unsatisfied with the color of his teeth, especially in the lower incisor (#41). On the clinical evaluation, this alteration could be perceived and, on the radiographic exam, alterations in the pericemental space could be observed, probably due to the orthodontic trauma. It was indicated the endodontic treatment to the element 41 and after vital bleaching and non-vital bleaching in this tooth. Then, the application of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate was recommended by means of individual appliances. The color analysis was made by means of Vita® shade guide and of spectrophotometer CM-700d before and after bleaching, and after the use of the paste. The association of the bleaching techniques, as in this case, was effective in restoring patient's esthetic smile, according to his expectations.

Microabrasão do esmalte: comparação de técnicas através de relatos de casos clínicos / Enamel microabrasion: Comparison of thechniques through case reports

Atualmente, com a grande quantidade de informação e disponibilidade de produtos fluoretados no mercado, utilizados para prevenção de cárie, tem-se observado um grande aumento na taxa de manchamentos por fluorose e, dessa forma, maior procura dos pacientes por tratamentos estéticos e novas técncias d remoção de manchas do esmalte pelos cirurgiões dentistas. O objetivo desse trabalho é apresentar dois relatos de caso clínico sobre remoção dse manchas de fluorose, nos quais foram utilizados diferentes materiais a fim de comparar sua efetividade através da avaliação de seus resultados. No primeiro caso utilizaou-se ácido clorídrico a 6,6 pr cento associado a carbeto de silício como abrasivo: e, no segundo, ácido fosfórico a 37 por cento associado a pedra-pomes. oram observados resultados clínicos satisfatórios para ambos os materiais empregados.

Currently, with the vast amount of information and availability of fluoridated products on market, used to prevent caries, it has seen a large increase of fluorosis staining of teeth, thus the demand of patients for esthetic treatments. The aim of this paper is to present two clinical case reports about fluorosis staining removal. Different materials were used to compare its effectiveness by results evaluation. In the first case we used hydrochloric acid 6.6% associated with silicon carbide abrasive, and in the second phosphoric acid 37% mixed with pumice. Satisfactory clinical results were observed for both materials used.

Reabilitação estética anterior com coroas totais metal-free utilizando-se cerâmica reforçada por dissilicato de lítio / Esthetic anterior rehabilitation with metal-free crowns: lithium dissilicate ceramics

O desgaste dos dentes anteriores pode acarretar desarranjos funcionais, assim como desarmonia estética. Devido a suas ótimas propriedades ópticas e biomecânicas, as cerâmicas dentais têm sido cada vez mais utilizadas na resolução de problemas relacionados à estética do sorriso. As cerâmicas reforçadas por dissilicato de lítio são opções viáveis para esse tipo de reabilitação. Nesse sentido, todos os passos para realização da restauração indireta cerâmica são críticos e de extrema importância. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar, por meio do relato de um caso clínico, a confecção de restaurações de dentes ântero-superiores com severo desgaste, com coroas totais em cerâmica reforçada por dissilicato de lítio. Para a realização de casos com previsibilidade e sucesso, as diferentes etapas de confecção são detalhadas e minuciosamente discutidas, e demonstram-se os pontos chave desse procedimento...

Wear of anterior teeth can cause functional disorders, and esthetic disharmony. Due to their excellent optical and biomechanical properties, dental ceramics are increasingly used to solve esthetic problems. Reinforced ceramics, e.g. those composed by lithium disilicate, are feasible options for this type of rehabilitation. Therefore, every step involving the fabrication of indirect ceramic restorations is critical. This article presented a case report of the restoration of maxillary anterior teeth with severe wear, using full crowns fabricated with lithium disilicate reinforced ceramics. The steps are described in detail and thoroughly discussed, demonstrating key concepts to achieve predictable, successful results...

Effects of mouthwashes on Knoop hardness and surface roughness of dental composites after different immersion times.

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different mouthwashes on superficial roughness and Knoop hardness of two resin composites. Eighty specimens (6 mm Ø and 2 mm height) were prepared and divided into eight experimental groups (n = 10) according to the resin composites (4 Seasons and Esthet X), and storage solutions (G1 - Distilled water; G2 - Colgate Plax Overnight; G3 - Colgate Plax Alcohol Free; and G4 - Colgate Plax Whitening). The initial hardness and roughness readings (T1) were measured and then the specimens were stored in 2 mL of mouthwash for 12 h (T2) and 24 h (T3). The data were analyzed with repeat-measures two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 5%). Regardless of the type of solution and time of exposure, there was no statistical difference for roughness between the resins (p = 0.44). G4 and G8 presented higher roughness means than G1, G3, G5 and G7, after 12 and 24 hours of immersion. For Knoop microhardness analysis, there was a significant reduction for all groups after 12 hours and 24 hours. We conclude that the mouthwashes containing hydrogen peroxide and/or alcohol decrease the microhardness of the resins tested; however, the mouthwash containing hydrogen peroxide had a higher deleterious effect on roughness.

Effects of mouthwashes on Knoop hardness and surface roughness of dental composites after different immersion times

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different mouthwashes on superficial roughness and Knoop hardness of two resin composites. Eighty specimens (6 mm Ø and 2 mm height) were prepared and divided into eight experimental groups (n = 10) according to the resin composites (4 Seasons and Esthet X), and storage solutions (G1 - Distilled water; G2 - Colgate Plax Overnight; G3 - Colgate Plax Alcohol Free; and G4 - Colgate Plax Whitening). The initial hardness and roughness readings (T1) were measured and then the specimens were stored in 2 mL of mouthwash for 12 h (T2) and 24 h (T3). The data were analyzed with repeat-measures two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 5 percent). Regardless of the type of solution and time of exposure, there was no statistical difference for roughness between the resins (p = 0.44). G4 and G8 presented higher roughness means than G1, G3, G5 and G7, after 12 and 24 hours of immersion. For Knoop microhardness analysis, there was a significant reduction for all groups after 12 hours and 24 hours. We conclude that the mouthwashes containing hydrogen peroxide and/or alcohol decrease the microhardness of the resins tested; however, the mouthwash containing hydrogen peroxide had a higher deleterious effect on roughness.

Restauração estética direta de dente anterior fraturado: relato de caso clínico / Direct aesthetic restoration of fractured anterior teeth: case report

O protocolo restaurador direto com resina composta para dentes anteriores fraturados é um desafio na Odontologia Adesiva atual, já que existem vários compósitos à disposição no mercado, com características ópticas e mecânicas cada vez mais semelhantes às da estrutura dentária. Dessa forma, a técnica de estratificação em camadas de resina composta torna-se eficiente para uso na clínica odontológica. Nesse artigo, o caso clínico apresentado abordará a restauração estética de um incisivo medial fraturado, com o procedimento de estratificação de resina composta, trabalhando os conceitos de translucidez e opacidade para uma adequada reabilitação dentária de forma estética e funcional.